Models of Distribution of Electric Field of Primary Cilia as Monopole Antennas
Josef Dvorak,
Bohuslav Melichar,
Alzbeta Filipova,
Tomas Korinek,
Nela Grimova,
Jana Grimova,
Aneta Rozsypalova,
Jan Proks,
Tomas Buchler,
Igor Richter
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
37-43
Received:
19 August 2018
Accepted:
11 October 2018
Published:
7 November 2018
Abstract: Background: The primary cilium is a solitary, chemosensory and mechanosensory, non-motile microtubule-based organelle which in the quiescent cell cycle phase projects from the surface of most cells in vertebrates, including humans. A hypothesis has been proposed that the cell endogenous electromagnetic field results from a unique cooperating system among microtubules and mitochondria. The present study expands this prior hypothesis of the endogenous electromagnetic field in the cell to the present hypothesis that primary cilium could serve as a monopole antenna. It is proposed that primary cilia as monopole antennas can serve for both transmitting and receiving signals at the same frequency. Results: There was simulated the distribution of electric field of primary cilium as a monopole antenna of a single cell, primary cilia after mitosis and primary cilium of renal tubule in water environment. According to simulations of the distribution of electric field of primary cilium as a monopole antenna, the electromagnetic waves radiate not only to the neighbouring cells, but also to the nucleus of the cell proper where the gene expression during the cell cycle could be changed. Conclusions: The present study provides the first simulations of electromagnetic field of primary cilia as monopole antennas. The proof of this function of primary cilia could extend diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. There are several ways to verify this hypothesis. For example, it is possible to use the voltage sensitive dyes in the microenvironment outside the primary cilium or photon counting with low noise and highly sensitive photon counting system.
Abstract: Background: The primary cilium is a solitary, chemosensory and mechanosensory, non-motile microtubule-based organelle which in the quiescent cell cycle phase projects from the surface of most cells in vertebrates, including humans. A hypothesis has been proposed that the cell endogenous electromagnetic field results from a unique cooperating system...
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Ethyl Acetate Extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb Increases Cytotoxicity in the Human Breast, Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Cells
Blessing Onyegeme-Okerenta,
Keith Spriggs,
Tracey Bradshaw
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
44-53
Received:
7 November 2018
Accepted:
22 November 2018
Published:
17 December 2018
Abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of ethyl acetate extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb on some human carcinomas - MCF 7 (human breast), C4-2WT (prostate), HT 29 and HTC 116 (colorectal) cell lines. Screening assays carried out to determine cytotoxicity include: - MTT (3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), clonogenic cell survival, Trypan Blue exclusion and methylene blue assays. Evaluation of the results showed that the extract strongly decreased the proliferation of the carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. The minimum concentration of the extract required for 50% inhibition (GI50) of the different cell lines calculated after MTT test were as follows: MCF-7 = 5.90 µg/ml, HCT 29 = 4.97 µg/ml, HCT 116 =11.86 µg/ml and C4-2WT = 9.48 µg/ml. Trypan Blue exclusion assay showed a decrease in the number of viable cells and an increase in the number of non-viable cells over 72 hrs post-treatment with the extract. Methylene blue assay showed that the number of viable cells, when their optical densities were measured over 72 hrs post-treatment, was reduced compared with the control. For clonogenic cell survival, there was an increase in cell proliferation and colony formation in the control cultures. However, cells treated with GI50 and 2X (twice) GI50 concentration of the extract showed a decrease in the number of colonies formed. The results indicate the cytotoxic potentials of the extract and therefore, suggests the use of ethyl acetate leaf extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb in preparing recipes for the management of cancer-related ailments.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of ethyl acetate extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb on some human carcinomas - MCF 7 (human breast), C4-2WT (prostate), HT 29 and HTC 116 (colorectal) cell lines. Screening assays carried out to determine cytotoxicity include: - MTT (3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide),...
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