Review on: Signal Transduction Pathways as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer Therapy
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
69-76
Received:
23 July 2019
Accepted:
9 September 2019
Published:
26 December 2019
Abstract: Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality and it is a worldwide public health issue and has severe social and economic consequences. Cancer arises through a multistep, mutagenic process whereby cancer cells acquire a common set of properties including unlimited proliferation potential, self-sufficiency in growth signals, and resistance to anti-proliferative and apoptotic signals. Chemotherapeutic and cytotoxic drugs are widely used in the treatment of cancer. In spite of the improvements in the life quality of patients, their effectiveness is compromised by several disadvantages. Better understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease, identification of molecular targets for therapeutic intervention and availability of promising molecularly targeted therapies may change this dismal picture. These demands lead for developing new effective strategies with focusing on tumor cells and minimum side effects. Targeted cancer therapies have been defined as a new type of emerging treatments. This article provides an overview of: the characteristics and function of signal transduction pathway and emerging RTKs for targeted cancer therapies and therapy targeted at Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Pathways and PI3k-Akt-mTOR-pathways. Future research in this area will maximize clinical benefit while minimizing the toxicity and cost through utilization of novel targeted agents.
Abstract: Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality and it is a worldwide public health issue and has severe social and economic consequences. Cancer arises through a multistep, mutagenic process whereby cancer cells acquire a common set of properties including unlimited proliferation potential, self-sufficiency in growth signals, and resistance to ant...
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Effect of Nursing Intervention on Mental Health and Clinical Effect of Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer
Lina Wu,
Lilian Gao,
Jinfen Han
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
77-80
Received:
1 December 2019
Accepted:
16 December 2019
Published:
26 December 2019
Abstract: Objectives: Following gastrointestinal cancer patients have attracted the attention of the mental health and quality of life in postoperation, we explore outcome associated with nursing intervention improve the mental health and quality of life associated with gastrointestinal cancer patient after chemotherapy by questionnaires. Methods: 78 patients diagnosed as gastrointestinal cancer from March 2018 to October 2019 were randomly assigned to control group and intervention group. We collected the information of mental health and quality of life of patients by Symptom Checklist-90 and Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74. Additionally, the data was analyzed with statistics, t value and p value after collection, which the result can present the changing of mental health and quality of life associated with the nursing intervention. Result: the score of various factors of scl-9 in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Additionally, the score of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: The nursing intervention improve the mental health and quality of life on patients who undergo chemotherapy. In addition, the nursing intervention can improve the outcome of treatment as more patients is willing to cooperate with the treatment arranged by the hospital.
Abstract: Objectives: Following gastrointestinal cancer patients have attracted the attention of the mental health and quality of life in postoperation, we explore outcome associated with nursing intervention improve the mental health and quality of life associated with gastrointestinal cancer patient after chemotherapy by questionnaires. Methods: 78 patient...
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Impact of Germline BRCA Mutation Status on Survival in Women with Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Kelsey E. Larson,
Yen Y. Wang,
Karissa Finke,
Rachel Yoder,
Kelsey Schwensen,
Anne P. O’Dea,
Qamar Khan,
Lauren Nye,
Jaimie Heldstab,
Andrew K. Godwin,
Bruce F. Kimler,
Priyanka Sharma
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
81-86
Received:
23 October 2019
Accepted:
7 December 2019
Published:
31 December 2019
Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the association between germline deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations (gBRCA+) and overall survival (OS) for patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC). Methods: An IRB approved prospective multisite registry enrolling stage I-IV TNBC patients from 2011-2018 was utilized. Demographics, treatments, genetic results, recurrence and survival were collected. OS was estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between groups (gBRCA+and BRCA wild type, wt) by log-rank test. Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with risk of death. Results: 100 patients with mTNBC were enrolled on the registry between 2011- 2018. For 100 patients, 20% (20/100) had de novo stage IV whereas 80% (80/100) had metastatic recurrence. 12% had gBRCA+ status; 72% were gBRCA wt type; and 16% had unknown gBRCA status. gBRCA+ patients were younger (49 vs. 57 years, p=0.02) but otherwise well matched to gBRCA wt including similar metastatic disease burden and prior treatments. No patients received a PARP inhibitor. With 31 months median follow-up, median overall survival was 21 months (95% CI [13-23] months) for all patients, 18 months (95% CI [15-27] months) for gBRCA wt patients and has not yet been reached for gBRCA+ patients (p=0.023). 3-year estimated OS is 63% in gBRCA+ versus 28% in gBRCA wt (p=0.02). On multivariate analysis, gBRCA+ was associated with reduced risk of death (HR=0.33; 95%CI [0.23-0.91], p=0.033). Conclusions: In patients with mTNBC gBRCA+ patients have a clinically significantly improved 3-year OS compared to gBRCA wt patients. Further research is needed to understand tumor and host biological reasons for this observation. As these patients are at risk for primary site progression and secondary breast and ovarian cancers, further research regarding the role of proactive surgical treatment in mTNBC with gBRCA mutation is warranted.
Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the association between germline deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations (gBRCA+) and overall survival (OS) for patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC). Methods: An IRB approved prospective multisite registry enrolling stage I-IV TNBC patients from 2011-2018 was utilized. Demographics, treatments, genetic...
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